Inosine pranobex, also known as isoprinosine, is an antiviral drug that is used for the treatment of certain viral infections. Its antiviral action is not entirely clear, but it is believed to act by boosting the immune response to viral infections. It's sometimes used for conditions like mucocutaneous outbreaks of herpes simplex virus (HSV), certain subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viral diseases.

Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine) has got antiviral properties and also acts to potentiate the effects of T-lymphocytes and macrophages modulating cytokine production.

Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine) Uses:

• It is indicated for the treatment of patients with slowly progressive subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The drug may prolong life expectancy and delay neurologic deterioration.

It has recently been studied in other viral infections that include [Ref]:

• Herpes virus infections (herpes labialis)
• Human papillomavirus infections (used as a cream for genital warts)
• Influenza and Rhinovirus infections
• Hepatitis B and C virus infections
• Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy (HIV infections)
• Immune-mediated diseases like rheumatoid arthritis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Chronic Fatigue syndrome
• Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Inosine pranobex use in adults:

Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine) Dose in Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE):

• For a condition called Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), the recommended amount to take is 50 mg for every kilogram of a person's weight each day.
• This should be split into 3 or 4 doses during the day.
• But the total amount taken in a day shouldn't be more than 3 grams.

Inosine pranobex Dose in Children:

Refer to adults' dosing.

Pregnancy Risk Category: C

• Studies on animals didn't show any harm to baby animals when their mothers were given inosine pranobex.
• But, because pregnant women have a different immune system response, a rare condition called SSPE can get worse quickly during pregnancy.
• We don't have a lot of information about pregnant women taking inosine pranobex because only a few cases have been reported (based on a study by Cole in 2007).

Dosage for kidney disease

The company that makes the medicine hasn't given any special instructions for changing the dose if someone has kidney problems.

The dosage for liver disease:

The medicine's label doesn't give any special instructions about changing the dose if someone has liver problems.

Side effects of Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine):

• Central nervous system:
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Insomnia
  • Nervousness
• Dermatologic:
  • Pruritus
  • Skin rash
• Endocrine & metabolic:
  • Hyperuricemia
• Gastrointestinal:
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Gastric distress
• Genitourinary:
  • Increased urine output
• Neuromuscular & skeletal:
  • Arthralgia

Contraindications to Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine):

The company that makes the medicine hasn't listed any reasons or conditions for which the medication shouldn't be used.

Warnings and precautions

Uric acid

• Inosine quickly turns into uric acid in the body.
• If someone has had problems with gout, kidney stones, or any kidney issues, they should be careful when using medicines with inosine.
• If the level of uric acid in the blood gets too high, they might need other medicines (like probenecid or allopurinol) to help bring it down.

Monitoring parameters:

• When using this medication, it's important to keep an eye on the levels of uric acid in both the blood (serum) and urine of the patient.
• This monitoring helps ensure the medication is not causing any problems related to uric acid levels and can be adjusted if needed.

How to administer Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine)?

Take the medicine by mouth, and spread it out into 3 or 4 doses during the hours you're awake.

Mechanism of action of Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine):

• We aren't completely sure how the medicine works.
• But it might help fight viruses and boost the immune system by making certain cells (T-lymphocyte and macrophage) work better and affecting the production of certain proteins called cytokines. Some studies that suggest this are by Milano in 1991, Petrova in 2010, and Wybran in 1978.

How it's Broken Down (Metabolism):

• Quickly turns into uric acid.
• Also gets changed through processes called glucuronidation and oxidation.

How Long it Lasts (Half-life elimination):

• About 50 minutes (based on a study by Campoli-Richards in 1986).

Time to Maximum Effect (Time to peak):

• 1 hour (according to Campoli-Richards, 1986).

How it Leaves the Body (Excretion):

• Goes out through urine.
  • As uric acid.
  • As other changed forms (glucuronide and oxide metabolites).
  • A small amount as the original medicine.

International Brand Names of Inosine pranobex:

• Imunovir
• Groprinosin
• Imin
• Imunovir
• Isoprinosine
• Isprinol
• Laprosin
• Neosine
• Noviron
• Prinol
• Prinosine
• Pronovir

Inosine pranobex Brand Names in Pakistan:

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