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Dear Readers! I started this blog when my daughter was in the NICU. She had ventriculitis. Her CSF report grew E.coli. But, she was injected Teicoplanin directly into her brain. The doctors made two errors here:

Teicoplanin is for gram-positive bacteria only. It does not treat E.coli.
Teicoplanin is not for intraventricular use. The manufacturer strongly discourage injecting Teicoplanin into the brain.

My daughter bled into the brain. She lived for another two years and ultimately died.

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Cancer in Pakistan

Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide, including in Pakistan. With increasing incidence rates and limited treatment options, access to affordable and effective cancer drugs is critical for cancer patients in Pakistan.

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and the spread of abnormal cells. It can affect virtually any part of the body and may manifest in different types, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and many others.

The management of cancer often involves a combination of approaches, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and hormonal therapies.

Cancer drugs play a crucial role in the treatment and control of cancer, aiming to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, shrink tumors, prevent their spread, and improve patients' overall survival and quality of life.

In Pakistan, the burden of cancer is significant, with increasing incidence rates and limited treatment options. The availability and affordability of cancer drugs are critical factors that impact patients' access to effective treatment.

The cost of cancer drugs can be prohibitive, and many cancer patients in Pakistan face challenges in obtaining the necessary medications for their treatment.

List of Commonly Used Cancer Drugs in Pakistan:

There are several cancer drugs that are commonly used in Pakistan for the treatment of various types of cancer. These drugs may belong to different classes and have different mechanisms of action, targeting specific pathways or molecules involved in cancer cell growth and survival.

Below is a table summarizing some of the commonly used cancer drugs in Pakistan, their indications, and mechanisms of action:

Drug Name	Indications	Mechanism of Action
Methotrexate	Breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, lymphomas, osteosarcoma, head and neck cancers	Inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase involved in folate metabolism, disrupting DNA synthesis and cell division
Tamoxifen	Breast cancer, endometrial cancer	Selective estrogen receptor modulator that blocks estrogen signaling in breast tissue
Imatinib mesylate	Chronic myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors	Inhibits specific tyrosine kinases (BCR-ABL, c-KIT, PDGF) involved in cancer cell proliferation
Paclitaxel	Breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, head and neck cancers	Stabilizes microtubules to prevent cell division
Cisplatin	Lung cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancers	Forms DNA adducts and cross-links DNA strands to inhibit DNA repair and block cell division
Trastuzumab	Breast cancer, gastric cancer,	Targets HER2 receptor to inhibit cancer cell growth and survival
Fluorouracil	Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancers	Inhibits thymidylate synthase, disrupting DNA synthesis and cell division

Cancer Drugs and Their Indications:

Drug Name	Indications	Mechanism of Action
Ibrutinib	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma	Inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) to block signaling pathways in cancer cells
Venetoclax	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia	Binds to B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) to induce cancer cell death
Palbociclib	Breast cancer	Inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 to block cell cycle progression
Enzalutamide	Prostate cancer	Blocks the androgen receptor to inhibit growth signaling in cancer cells
Abiraterone acetate	Prostate cancer	Inhibits the production of androgens to suppress tumor growth
Pembrolizumab	Various cancers including gastrointestinal (GI) cancer	Checkpoint inhibitor that blocks PD-1 to boost immune response against cancer cells
Nivolumab	Various cancers including brain cancer	Checkpoint inhibitor that blocks PD-1 to enhance immune-mediated cancer cell death
Temozolomide	Brain cancer	Alkylating agent that damages DNA to inhibit cancer cell growth
Regorafenib	Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer	Multi-kinase inhibitor that targets multiple signaling pathways in cancer cells
Bevacizumab	Various cancers including brain cancer	Inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to block angiogenesis

In Conclusion:

Cancer remains a significant health challenge in Pakistan, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. The availability and affordability of cancer drugs are crucial factors in ensuring that patients have access to effective treatment options.

However, it is important to always consult with qualified healthcare professionals for proper diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of cancer patients. With the advancements in novel cancer drugs and ongoing efforts to improve cancer care infrastructure in Pakistan, there is hope for better treatment outcomes and improved quality of life for cancer patients in the country.

Cancer in Pakistan

List of Commonly Used Cancer Drugs in Pakistan:

Drug Name

Indications

Mechanism of Action

Cancer Drugs and Their Indications:

Drug Name

Indications

Mechanism of Action

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