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Dear Readers! I started this blog when my daughter was in the NICU. She had ventriculitis. Her CSF report grew E.coli. But, she was injected Teicoplanin directly into her brain. The doctors made two errors here:

Teicoplanin is for gram-positive bacteria only. It does not treat E.coli.
Teicoplanin is not for intraventricular use. The manufacturer strongly discourage injecting Teicoplanin into the brain.

My daughter bled into the brain. She lived for another two years and ultimately died.

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Naphazoline for the treatment of eye allergies

Naphazoline is a medication used primarily as a decongestant to relieve redness, itching, and watering of the eyes due to minor eye irritations (e.g., smog, swimming, dust, or smoke). It belongs to a class of drugs known as sympathomimetic amines. Naphazoline works by narrowing the blood vessels in the eye, thereby reducing swelling and redness.

Naphazoline is a sympathomimetic drug used that causes vasoconstriction by activating the alpha-adrenergic receptors. It is used as a temporary treatment for the symptomatic treatment of redness, swelling, itching, and tearing associated with ocular allergies.

Naphazoline Dose in Adults

Naphazoline Dose in the treatment of Ocular redness and allergies:

Put one or two drops in the affected eye(s) every 3 to 4 hours, or less often if needed.
Make sure to follow these instructions carefully for the best results.

Naphazoline Dose in Children

Not recommended for use in children

Pregnancy Risk Factor: C

It has not been studied in pregnancy and breastfeeding and is classified as category C during pregnancy.

Naphazoline Dose in Renal Disease:

There are no specific dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling for naphazoline in cases of kidney disease.

Naphazoline Dose in Liver Disease:

The manufacturer's labeling for naphazoline does not include dosage adjustments for liver disease.

Severe side effects of naphazoline:

keratitis, ocular hypertension, coma, and bradycardia

Moderate side effects:

Hypertension, Blurred vision, Hyperglycemia, Respiratory depression, Hypotension, and Sinus tachycardia

Mild side effects:

Mydriasis, lacrimation, ocular irritation, hyperhidrosis, drowsiness, weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea, lethargy, vomiting, and hypothermia.

Contraindication to Naphazoline Include:

If someone is allergic to naphazoline, antazoline, or any part of the medicine, or if they have glaucoma, they shouldn't use it.
It's also not recommended for children unless a doctor advises it.
If you're unsure about using it or have any concerns, it's best to talk to a doctor for guidance.

Warnings and Precautions

Cardiovascular disease

If someone has heart problems or high blood pressure, they should be careful when using naphazoline because it can raise blood pressure due to its effects on the body

Diabetes:

If someone has diabetes, they should use naphazoline cautiously.
It's important because it can affect blood sugar levels, which is crucial for people managing diabetes.

Thyroid disease:

For individuals with hyperthyroidism, it's important to be cautious when using naphazoline.
This is because the medication can have effects on the body that may interact with the condition.

Monitoring Parameters:

Monitor for improvement or worsening of the symptoms.

How to administer Naphazoline?

When using naphazoline eye drops, it's important to follow these steps for safe administration: First, wash your hands.
Make sure not to touch the tip of the container to your eye to prevent contamination.
If you wear contact lenses, remove them before using the eye drops.
After putting in the drops, wait for a bit before putting your contact lenses back in.
Also, don't insert your contacts if your eyes are still red.
These precautions help ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and reduce the risk of irritation or infection.

Naphazoline Mechanism of action of Naphazoline:

Naphazoline works by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the small blood vessels (arterioles) of the conjunctiva, which helps to narrow these blood vessels and reduce redness and swelling in the eyes.
On the other hand, antazoline acts by inhibiting the effects of histamine on conjunctival epithelial cells.
Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions, and its effects can include itching, redness, and swelling.
By blocking histamine's effects, antazoline helps to alleviate these allergic symptoms in the eyes.
Together, these mechanisms make naphazoline and antazoline combination eye drops effective in relieving eye redness and itching caused by various factors, including allergies.