Latanoprostene bunod is a medication used for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It's a prostaglandin analog and nitric oxide (NO) donating moiety hybrid. This medication works by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, which helps in preventing vision loss due to glaucoma.

The prostaglandin analog component of latanoprostene bunod works similarly to other drugs in its class by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Additionally, the nitric oxide-donating moiety enhances the effects of the prostaglandin analog and may also contribute to vasodilation of ocular blood vessels, further reducing intraocular pressure.

Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod) eye drops are used to reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma after it is activated into the active compound (latanoprost)

Latanoprostene bunod Uses:

• Elevated intraocular pressure:
  • It is used to lower increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.

Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod) Dose in Adults:

The dosage of Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod) for treating elevated intraocular pressure is as follows:

• Latanoprostene bunod is a medicine used for high eye pressure.
• You put one drop into the affected eye(s) once a day, usually in the evening.
• It's important not to use more than one drop a day because using it more often might make it less effective at lowering eye pressure.

Use in Children:

Refer to adults dosing.

Pregnancy Risk Category: C

• In studies with animals, some negative effects were seen when using latanoprostene bunod during pregnancy.
• Because of this, it might be better to choose a different treatment for pregnant women, according to recommendations from medical experts.

Latanoprostene bunod use during breastfeeding:

• It's uncertain if latanoprostene bunod passes into breast milk after being applied to the eyes.
• The decision whether to breastfeed while using this medication should take into account the potential risk to the baby, the advantages of breastfeeding for the baby, and the benefits of the treatment for the mother.
• If using an eye medication is necessary, it's recommended to use the smallest effective dose along with blocking the tear ducts to reduce the chance of the medication getting into the bloodstream.

Dose in Kidney Disease:

• The manufacturer's instructions for latanoprostene bunod do not include any specific dosage adjustments for people with kidney problems.
• This means that individuals with renal impairment typically do not need to change their dosage when using this medication.

Dose in Liver disease:

• The manufacturer's instructions for latanoprostene bunod do not include any specific dosage adjustments for individuals with liver impairment.
• This means that people with hepatic impairment typically do not need to alter their dosage when using this medication.

Less Common Side Effects of Latanoprostene bunod:

• Ophthalmic:
  • Eye irritation
  • Conjunctival hyperemia
  • Eye pain
• Local:
  • Application site pain

Contraindications to Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod):

• In the United States, there are no specific situations where the use of latanoprostene bunod is strictly prohibited according to the manufacturer's labeling.
• In Canada, the medication should not be used in individuals who have a known hypersensitivity or allergy to latanoprostene bunod or any other ingredient in the formulation.

Warnings and precautions

Bacterial Keratitis

• Bacterial keratitis, an infection of the cornea, has been linked to accidental contamination of multi-dose ophthalmic solutions.
• This emphasizes the importance of proper hygiene and handling of eye medications, particularly those that are used multiple times.
• Contamination can introduce harmful bacteria into the eye, leading to serious infections.

Ocular effects

• Latanoprostene bunod can cause changes in the color and appearance of the eye and surrounding areas.
• This may include an increase in brown pigmentation of the iris (the colored part of the eye), the skin of the eyelids, and the eyelashes.
• In some cases, the eyelashes might become longer or more numerous.
• The darkening of the iris is usually permanent, although it may not be noticeable for some time after starting treatment.
• However, changes to the skin around the eyes and the eyelashes may reverse after stopping the medication.

Ocular inflammation:

• Latanoprostene bunod can sometimes lead to inflammation inside the eye or worsen existing inflammation.
• Therefore, it's important to be cautious when using this medication in individuals who have a history of inflammation within the eye, such as iritis or uveitis.
• Additionally, it's generally best to avoid using latanoprostene bunod in patients who currently have active inflammation inside the eye.

Ocular disease:

• Latanoprostene bunod should be used cautiously in certain individuals with specific eye conditions.
• This includes patients who have had their natural lens removed (aphakic patients), those who have had a replacement lens with a torn posterior capsule (pseudophakic patients), or individuals with risk factors for macular edema.
• Macular edema, which includes a condition called cystoid macular edema, has been reported in some patients using medications similar to latanoprostene bunod.

Latanoprostene bunod: Drug Interaction

Monitoring parameters:

Monitoring Intraocular Pressure (IOP):

• It's important for healthcare providers to regularly check the intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients using latanoprostene bunod.
• This helps ensure that the medication is effectively lowering the pressure inside the eye, which is crucial for managing conditions like glaucoma.

Increased Iris Pigmentation:

• Patients using latanoprostene bunod may experience changes in the color of their iris over time, typically becoming darker.
• Regular monitoring helps ensure that any changes are detected early and appropriate action can be taken if needed.

How to administer Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod)?

Preventing Contamination:

• To prevent contamination, ensure that the tip of the dropper does not touch the eye, fingers, or any other surfaces.
• This helps maintain the sterility of the medication and reduces the risk of introducing harmful bacteria into the eye.

Combining with Other Eye Drops:

• Latanoprostene bunod can be used along with other eye drops to lower intraocular pressure (IOP).
• If using multiple eye drops, administer each medication at least 5 minutes apart to allow proper absorption and effectiveness of each medication.

Contact Lens Removal and Reinsertion:

• Before using latanoprostene bunod, remove contact lenses if you wear them.
• Wait for at least 15 minutes after administering the eye drops before reinserting contact lenses.
• This allows the medication to be absorbed properly and reduces the risk of any interaction between the medication and the contact lenses.

Mechanism of action of Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod):

• Latanoprostene bunod is quickly broken down in the eye into two main components: latanoprost acid, which is a type of prostaglandin analog, and butanediol mononitrate.
• The latanoprost acid works by helping to increase the drainage of fluid from the eye, which in turn lowers intraocular pressure (IOP).
• It does this by enhancing the outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and the uveoscleral routes.
• This mechanism helps to reduce pressure inside the eye, which is important for managing conditions like glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Onset and Peak Effects:

• The onset of action of latanoprostene bunod is relatively fast, typically occurring within 1 to 3 hours after administration.
• The peak effect of the medication is usually reached between 11 to 13 hours after administration.

Time to Peak Plasma Concentration:

• Latanoprost acid, one of the main components of latanoprostene bunod, reaches its peak plasma concentration very quickly, typically within 5 minutes after administration.

Metabolism:

• In the eye, latanoprostene bunod is broken down into two main components: latanoprost acid (which is the active component) and butanediol mononitrate.
• Once latanoprost acid enters the systemic circulation, it undergoes hepatic metabolism primarily through fatty acid beta-oxidation.
• The metabolites of latanoprost acid include 1,2-dinor and 1,2,3,4-tetranor metabolites.
• Butanediol mononitrate is metabolized into 1,4-butanediol and nitric oxide.
• 1,4-butanediol is further oxidized to succinic acid, which then enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

International Brands of Latanoprostene bunod:

• Vyzulta

Latanoprostene bunod Brand Names in Pakistan:

No Brands Available in Pakistan.

Latanoprostene bunod is a medication used for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It's a prostaglandin analog and nitric oxide (NO) donating moiety hybrid. This medication works by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye, which helps in preventing vision loss due to glaucoma.

The prostaglandin analog component of latanoprostene bunod works similarly to other drugs in its class by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Additionally, the nitric oxide-donating moiety enhances the effects of the prostaglandin analog and may also contribute to vasodilation of ocular blood vessels, further reducing intraocular pressure.

Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod) eye drops are used to reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma after it is activated into the active compound (latanoprost)

Latanoprostene bunod Uses:

• Elevated intraocular pressure:
  • It is used to lower increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.

Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod) Dose in Adults:

The dosage of Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod) for treating elevated intraocular pressure is as follows:

• Latanoprostene bunod is a medicine used for high eye pressure.
• You put one drop into the affected eye(s) once a day, usually in the evening.
• It's important not to use more than one drop a day because using it more often might make it less effective at lowering eye pressure.

Use in Children:

Refer to adults dosing.

Pregnancy Risk Category: C

• In studies with animals, some negative effects were seen when using latanoprostene bunod during pregnancy.
• Because of this, it might be better to choose a different treatment for pregnant women, according to recommendations from medical experts.

Latanoprostene bunod use during breastfeeding:

• It's uncertain if latanoprostene bunod passes into breast milk after being applied to the eyes.
• The decision whether to breastfeed while using this medication should take into account the potential risk to the baby, the advantages of breastfeeding for the baby, and the benefits of the treatment for the mother.
• If using an eye medication is necessary, it's recommended to use the smallest effective dose along with blocking the tear ducts to reduce the chance of the medication getting into the bloodstream.

Dose in Kidney Disease:

• The manufacturer's instructions for latanoprostene bunod do not include any specific dosage adjustments for people with kidney problems.
• This means that individuals with renal impairment typically do not need to change their dosage when using this medication.

Dose in Liver disease:

• The manufacturer's instructions for latanoprostene bunod do not include any specific dosage adjustments for individuals with liver impairment.
• This means that people with hepatic impairment typically do not need to alter their dosage when using this medication.

Less Common Side Effects of Latanoprostene bunod:

• Ophthalmic:
  • Eye irritation
  • Conjunctival hyperemia
  • Eye pain
• Local:
  • Application site pain

Contraindications to Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod):

• In the United States, there are no specific situations where the use of latanoprostene bunod is strictly prohibited according to the manufacturer's labeling.
• In Canada, the medication should not be used in individuals who have a known hypersensitivity or allergy to latanoprostene bunod or any other ingredient in the formulation.

Warnings and precautions

Bacterial Keratitis

• Bacterial keratitis, an infection of the cornea, has been linked to accidental contamination of multi-dose ophthalmic solutions.
• This emphasizes the importance of proper hygiene and handling of eye medications, particularly those that are used multiple times.
• Contamination can introduce harmful bacteria into the eye, leading to serious infections.

Ocular effects

• Latanoprostene bunod can cause changes in the color and appearance of the eye and surrounding areas.
• This may include an increase in brown pigmentation of the iris (the colored part of the eye), the skin of the eyelids, and the eyelashes.
• In some cases, the eyelashes might become longer or more numerous.
• The darkening of the iris is usually permanent, although it may not be noticeable for some time after starting treatment.
• However, changes to the skin around the eyes and the eyelashes may reverse after stopping the medication.

Ocular inflammation:

• Latanoprostene bunod can sometimes lead to inflammation inside the eye or worsen existing inflammation.
• Therefore, it's important to be cautious when using this medication in individuals who have a history of inflammation within the eye, such as iritis or uveitis.
• Additionally, it's generally best to avoid using latanoprostene bunod in patients who currently have active inflammation inside the eye.

Ocular disease:

• Latanoprostene bunod should be used cautiously in certain individuals with specific eye conditions.
• This includes patients who have had their natural lens removed (aphakic patients), those who have had a replacement lens with a torn posterior capsule (pseudophakic patients), or individuals with risk factors for macular edema.
• Macular edema, which includes a condition called cystoid macular edema, has been reported in some patients using medications similar to latanoprostene bunod.

Latanoprostene bunod: Drug Interaction

Monitoring parameters:

Monitoring Intraocular Pressure (IOP):

• It's important for healthcare providers to regularly check the intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients using latanoprostene bunod.
• This helps ensure that the medication is effectively lowering the pressure inside the eye, which is crucial for managing conditions like glaucoma.

Increased Iris Pigmentation:

• Patients using latanoprostene bunod may experience changes in the color of their iris over time, typically becoming darker.
• Regular monitoring helps ensure that any changes are detected early and appropriate action can be taken if needed.

How to administer Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod)?

Preventing Contamination:

• To prevent contamination, ensure that the tip of the dropper does not touch the eye, fingers, or any other surfaces.
• This helps maintain the sterility of the medication and reduces the risk of introducing harmful bacteria into the eye.

Combining with Other Eye Drops:

• Latanoprostene bunod can be used along with other eye drops to lower intraocular pressure (IOP).
• If using multiple eye drops, administer each medication at least 5 minutes apart to allow proper absorption and effectiveness of each medication.

Contact Lens Removal and Reinsertion:

• Before using latanoprostene bunod, remove contact lenses if you wear them.
• Wait for at least 15 minutes after administering the eye drops before reinserting contact lenses.
• This allows the medication to be absorbed properly and reduces the risk of any interaction between the medication and the contact lenses.

Mechanism of action of Vyzulta (Latanoprostene bunod):

• Latanoprostene bunod is quickly broken down in the eye into two main components: latanoprost acid, which is a type of prostaglandin analog, and butanediol mononitrate.
• The latanoprost acid works by helping to increase the drainage of fluid from the eye, which in turn lowers intraocular pressure (IOP).
• It does this by enhancing the outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and the uveoscleral routes.
• This mechanism helps to reduce pressure inside the eye, which is important for managing conditions like glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Onset and Peak Effects:

• The onset of action of latanoprostene bunod is relatively fast, typically occurring within 1 to 3 hours after administration.
• The peak effect of the medication is usually reached between 11 to 13 hours after administration.

Time to Peak Plasma Concentration:

• Latanoprost acid, one of the main components of latanoprostene bunod, reaches its peak plasma concentration very quickly, typically within 5 minutes after administration.

Metabolism:

• In the eye, latanoprostene bunod is broken down into two main components: latanoprost acid (which is the active component) and butanediol mononitrate.
• Once latanoprost acid enters the systemic circulation, it undergoes hepatic metabolism primarily through fatty acid beta-oxidation.
• The metabolites of latanoprost acid include 1,2-dinor and 1,2,3,4-tetranor metabolites.
• Butanediol mononitrate is metabolized into 1,4-butanediol and nitric oxide.
• 1,4-butanediol is further oxidized to succinic acid, which then enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

International Brands of Latanoprostene bunod:

• Vyzulta

Latanoprostene bunod Brand Names in Pakistan:

No Brands Available in Pakistan.