Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Vs Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Author: owner
Published: 2 months ago
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Here is a comparison of Hodgkin and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma:
1. Cellular Characteristics
- HL: Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells (large, binucleated cells with owl-eye appearance).
- NHL: No Reed-Sternberg cells; comprises diverse subtypes with malignant proliferation of B cells, T cells, or NK cells.
2. Epidemiology
- HL: Bimodal age distribution (peaks in 20s-30s and >55 years).
- NHL: More common in older adults; incidence increases with age.
3. Etiology
- HL: Strongly associated with EBV infection and immunosuppression.
- NHL: Multifactorial causes include autoimmune diseases, HIV, H. pylori infection (MALT lymphoma), and immunosuppressive therapy.
4. Clinical Presentation
HL:
- Painless lymphadenopathy (often cervical or mediastinal).
- Systemic B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss).
- Alcohol-induced lymph node pain (specific but rare).
NHL:
- Painless, generalized lymphadenopathy.
- Extranodal involvement (e.g., GI tract, CNS, skin).
- Systemic symptoms depend on subtype.
5. Spread Pattern
- HL: Contiguous spread along lymphatic pathways.
- NHL: Non-contiguous, often widespread at diagnosis.
6. Histological Subtypes
HL: Two main types:
- Classical HL (most common, includes nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, etc.).
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (rare).
NHL:
- Over 60 subtypes (e.g., Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma).
7. Prognosis
- HL: Generally better prognosis; highly curable with early detection (5-year survival >85%).
- NHL: Prognosis depends on subtype; indolent NHL (e.g., follicular) has prolonged survival, while aggressive NHL (e.g., Burkitt) requires intensive therapy but can be curable.
8. Treatment
HL:
- ABVD regimen (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine).
- Radiotherapy often combined with chemotherapy.
NHL:
- Chemotherapy (e.g., R-CHOP: Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone).
- Targeted therapy (e.g., Rituximab, CAR-T cell therapy for B-cell subtypes).
9. Extranodal Involvement
- HL: Rare; primarily lymph nodes.
- NHL: Common; extranodal sites include the GI tract, bone marrow, CNS, and skin.
10. Immunophenotype
- HL: CD15+, CD30+, CD45- (in classical HL).
- NHL: Variable depending on subtype (e.g., CD19/CD20 in B-cell NHL; CD3 in T-cell NHL).