List the causes of jaundice:
1) Prhepatic causes of jaundice
Malaria, sickle cell disease, spherocytosis , thalassemia,pyruvate kinase deficiency, Glucose 6 phosphate deficiency,microangiopathic haemolytic anemia,haemolytic uremic syndrome
2) Hepatic causes of jaundice
viral hepatitis (cmv ebv ) drugs (antimalarials , paracetamol overdose, isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, sodium valproate, statins, halothane, sulfonylureas, flucloxacillin) Alcohol, cirrhosis, liver metastasis,liver abscess, hemochromatosis, autoimmune hepatitis, septicaemia, leptospirosis,syphilis, hemochromatosis,alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, budd chairi, Wilson syndrome, failure to excrete conjugated bilirubin (dubin johnson and rotor syndrome) right heart failure, toxin eg carbon tetrachlorid , fungi
3) posthepatic causes of jaundice
Primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis,drugs (fusidic acid, co-amoxiclav, nitrofurantoin,steroids )common bile duct gallstones,pancreatic cancer,compression of the bile duct eg lymph node at the porta hepatis cholangiocarcinoma,choldochal cyst,carolis disease, mirrizis syndrome,
What do you understand by the term:
Sir as i understand the term prehepatic jaundice means that there is haemolysis of rbc due which there is a large amount of unconjugated hyperbilirubin accumulation in tissue.the pathology occurs prior to the liver metabolism due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes to rupture of rbc. Like sickle cell disease thalasemia hereditary sphericytosis
hepatic jaundice means that there is pathology in liver parenchyma eg viral infection of hepatocyte drugs autoimmune
posthepatic jaundice caused by blockage of bile duct that transport bile containing conjugated bilirubin out of the liver for excretion