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Latanoprost (Xalatan) Eye Drops - Uses, Dose, Side effects, MOA, Brands

Latanoprost is a medication primarily used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma or other eye conditions (ocular hypertension). It belongs to a class of drugs called prostaglandin analogs. These drugs work by decreasing pressure in the eye by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor (the fluid inside the eye) through the trabecular meshwork, a spongy tissue that drains fluid from the eye.

Patients with open-angle glaucoma can lower their intraocular pressure by using latanoprost (Xalatan) eye drops.

Latanoprost Uses:

Elevated intraocular pressure:
- It is used to lower increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in people with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma.

Read: Lumigan (Bimatoprost) for glaucoma & growth of eyelashes

Latanoprost (Xalatan) Dose in Adults:

Latanoprost (Xalatan) Dose in the treatment of Elevated intraocular pressure:

When you're treating high pressure inside the eye with Latanoprost, you usually use it as eye drops.
You put one drop into the affected eye or eyes once a day, usually in the evening.
It's important not to use it more than once a day because using it more often might make it less effective in lowering eye pressure.

Latanoprost (Xalatan) Dose in Children:

Dosage of latanoprost (Xalatan) for treating reduced intraocular pressure:

For infants, children, and adolescents, there's not a lot of information available about the right dose of Latanoprost to lower eye pressure. However, based on the limited data we have:

Use Latanoprost eye drops once a day, usually in the evening.
Put one drop into the eye or eyes that need treatment.

Pregnancy Risk Category: C

We don't have much information about using Latanoprost during pregnancy.
If you need to use eye drops while pregnant, it's best to use the smallest amount that still works, and also block the tear ducts to reduce the amount of medicine that gets into your bloodstream and reaches the baby.
This advice comes from studies and recommendations aimed at minimizing risks during pregnancy when using medications for the eyes.

Latanoprost use during breastfeeding:

We're not sure if Latanoprost passes into breast milk.
If you're breastfeeding and considering using Latanoprost, you should think about the possible risk to your baby from exposure to the medication through breast milk.
You should also consider the benefits of breastfeeding for your baby and the benefits of Latanoprost treatment for you.
It's important to discuss these factors with your doctor before making a decision about breastfeeding while using Latanoprost.
The manufacturer recommends carefully weighing these factors to make an informed decision.

Dose in Kidney Disease:

The manufacturer's instructions don't mention any need to change the dosage of Latanoprost for people with kidney problems.
This is because Latanoprost is mainly used in the eyes, and very little of it gets into the bloodstream, so it's unlikely to be affected by kidney issues.
Therefore, there's generally no need to adjust the dosage based on kidney function.
Always follow your doctor's advice regarding medication use, especially if you have any underlying health conditions.

Dose in Liver disease:

The manufacturer's instructions for Latanoprost do not include any recommendations for adjusting the dosage in people with liver problems.
This is because Latanoprost is primarily used in the eyes, and it's absorbed very little into the bloodstream, so liver issues are unlikely to affect its effectiveness.
Therefore, there's typically no need to change the dosage based on liver function.

Common Side Effects of Latanoprost (Xalatan):

Ophthalmic:
- Eye discharge
- Increased eyelash length
- Ocular hyperemia
- Conjunctival hyperemia
- Eye pain
- Stinging of eyes
Central nervous system:
- Foreign body sensation of eye

Less Common Side Effects of Latanoprost (Xalatan):

Infection:
- Influenza
Dermatologic:
- Hyperpigmentation Of Eyelashes
- Allergic Skin Reaction
- Erythema Of Eyelid
- Skin Rash
Neuromuscular & Skeletal:
- Back Pain
- Arthralgia
- Myalgia
Respiratory:
- Nasopharyngitis
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Ophthalmic:
- Increased Eyelash Thickness
- Eye Pruritus
- Photophobia
- Eyelid Edema
- Punctate Keratitis
- Blurred Vision
- Burning Sensation Of Eyes
- Eyelid Pain
- Lacrimation
- Crusting Of Eyelid
- Iris Hyperpigmentation
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Dry Eye Syndrome
- Conjunctival Edema

Contraindications to Latanoprost (Xalatan):

If you are allergic or hypersensitive to Latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride, or any other ingredient in the Latanoprost formulation, you should not use this medication.
Allergic reactions can be severe and may include symptoms such as itching, rash, swelling, difficulty breathing, or other signs of an allergic reaction.

Warnings and precautions

Bacterial Keratitis

Sometimes, when bacteria accidentally get into bottles of eye drops that are meant to be used more than once, it can lead to a serious eye infection called bacterial keratitis.
This infection can cause redness, pain, and blurry vision, and it needs medical treatment right away.
It's important to be careful when using multi-dose eye drops to prevent contamination and avoid touching the tip of the bottle to anything, including your eye, to help keep it clean and safe.
If you notice any signs of an eye infection, let your doctor know immediately.

Ocular effects

Using Latanoprost might lead to some changes in your eyes and eyelashes.
It could make the brown part of your eye (iris), the skin around your eyelids, and your eyelashes darker.
Your eyelashes might also grow longer or thicker.
These changes to your iris color might be permanent, but they might not show up for a while, even years.
However, if you stop using Latanoprost, the darkening of the skin around your eyes and the changes to your eyelashes might go away.
We're not sure what the long-term effects of these changes might be or if they could harm your eyes.
If you have any concerns about these changes, talk to your doctor.

Ocular inflammation:

Using Latanoprost might cause inflammation inside your eye or make existing inflammation worse.
If you've had problems with inflammation inside your eye before, like iritis or uveitis, be careful when using Latanoprost.
It's best to talk to your doctor about whether it's safe for you to use this medication if you have a history of eye inflammation.
If you're currently experiencing inflammation inside your eye, it's generally best to avoid using Latanoprost until the inflammation has cleared up.

Herpetic keratitis

If you've had herpes simplex keratitis before, be careful when using Latanoprost.
There's a chance that using this medication could cause the herpes infection to come back.
It's essential to talk to your doctor about your medical history before using Latanoprost if you've had herpes simplex keratitis in the past.
If you currently have an active herpes infection in your eye, it's best to avoid using Latanoprost until the infection has cleared up.

Ocular disease:

If you have certain eye conditions or risk factors, be cautious when using Latanoprost.
This includes patients who have had their natural lens removed (aphakic patients), those who have had cataract surgery with a torn posterior lens capsule, or individuals with risk factors for macular edema.
The safety and effectiveness of Latanoprost haven't been established for patients with angle-closure, inflammatory, or neovascular glaucoma.

Latanoprost: Drug Interaction

Risk Factor C (Monitor therapy)
Bimatoprost	Latanoprost and Bimatoprost use concurrently has the potential to raise intraocular pressure.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents	Prostaglandins' potential for healing effects might be diminished (Ophthalmic). The therapeutic benefits of prostaglandins may potentially be enhanced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ophthalmic).
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Ophthalmic)	Prostaglandins' potential for healing effects might be diminished (Ophthalmic). Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Ophthalmic) may improve the prostaglandins' therapeutic impact (Ophthalmic).

Monitoring parameters:

Monitoring Eye Pressure (IOP)

Make sure to check the pressure inside your eye regularly, especially if you're using Latanoprost.
Your doctor will keep an eye on your eye pressure to make sure it stays at a safe level.

Checking for Changes in Iris Color

Keep an eye out for any changes in the color of your iris (the colored part of your eye).
Let your doctor know if you notice any darkening of your iris while using Latanoprost.
Your doctor will examine your eyes regularly to catch any changes early.

How to administer Latanoprost (Xalatan)?

Using Latanoprost with Other Eye Drops

Latanoprost can be used along with other eye drops to lower eye pressure (IOP).
If you're using more than one type of eye drop, give each drop at least 5 minutes apart.

Removing and Reinserting Contact Lenses

Take out your contact lenses before using Latanoprost.
Wait for at least 15 minutes after using Latanoprost before putting your contact lenses back in.

By following these steps, you can ensure the effectiveness of your eye drops and maintain the health of your eyes and contact lenses.

Mechanism of action of Latanoprost (Xalatan):

Latanoprost is a type of medication that acts like a substance found naturally in the body called prostaglandin F-alpha.
It works by helping to increase the drainage of fluid from inside the eye, which is called aqueous humor.
By improving this drainage, Latanoprost helps to lower the pressure inside the eye, which can be beneficial in conditions like glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Onset of Action:

It typically takes about 3 to 4 hours for Latanoprost to start working after it's applied to the eye.

Peak Effect:

The maximum effect of Latanoprost is usually reached between 8 to 12 hours after it's applied.

Absorption:

Latanoprost is absorbed through the cornea (the clear outer layer of the eye).
Initially, it's in a form called an isopropyl ester prodrug, which is then changed into the active form by enzymes in the eye.
The highest concentration in the fluid inside the eye (aqueous humor) is reached about 2 hours after Latanoprost is applied.

Distribution:

The volume of distribution of Latanoprost in the body is approximately 0.16 ± 0.02 liters per kilogram (L/kg).

Metabolism:

Latanoprost is mainly broken down in the liver through a process called fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Half-life elimination:

The half-life of Latanoprost is about 17 minutes, meaning it takes about that long for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body.

Excretion:

Latanoprost and its metabolites are primarily excreted through urine.

International Brand Names of Latanoprost:

APO-Latanoprost
GD-Latanoprost
Xalatan
Xelpros
MED-Latanoprost
Monoprost
SANDOZ Latanoprost
TEVA-Latanoprost
Xalatan
9 PM eye drops
PMS-Latanoprost
RIVALatanoprost
Akistan
Arulatan
Astapro
Ciptan
Drenatan
Enicil
Exalo
Exprosol
Gaap Ofteno
Glaumax
Glautan
Iprost
Jaskroptic
Kivixkenl
Lanoprost
Lanotan
Laprost
Hysite Eye Drops
Ioprost
Latacris
Latalux
Latano
Latanoflax
Latanopress
Latanox
Latapres
Lataprost
Lataro
Lataz
Latep
Latipress
Latizodil
Latnoprost
Latochek
Latof
Latop
Latoprost
Louten
Lumoprost
Monopost
Monoprost
Ocuprost
Prosdrop
Protan
Rasguna
Tonlit
Unilat
Vislat
Vizilat
Vizilatan
Xalaprost
Xalatan
Xalavist
Xalof
Xaloftal
Xaprost

Latanoprost Brand Names in Pakistan:

Latanoprost Drops 0.01 %
Lanaper	Panacea Pharmaceuticals

Latanoprost Drops 0.05 %
Glantan	Nimrall Laboratories

Latanoprost Drops 0.05 Mg
Latim Eye Drops	Macquins International

Latanoprost Eye Drops 50 Mcg
Vislat Ophthalmic Solution	Elko Organization (Pvt) Ltd.

Latanoprost Eye Drops 50 Mcg/Ml in Pakistan
Hilatan	Himont Pharmaceuticals (Pvt) Ltd.
Latan	Ethical Laboratories (Pvt) Ltd.
Latep	The Schazoo Laboratories Ltd.
Velatan	Vega Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Xalatan	Pfizer Laboratories Ltd.