Two drugs have shown incredible weight loss and A1C reduction in phase 2 Trials. These are: Retatrutide CagriSema Retatrutide is a TriG agonist (GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon). CagriSema is a...
What is an Austin Flint murmur?
Two cases of monkeypox have been reported in Pakistan. It manifests as: A rash similar to smallpox Fever, and Lymphadenopathy The diagnosis is made via PCR testing of fluid taken fro...
Adcetris is the brand name of Brentuximab Vedotin. This drug is unique as it has two different components: Brentuximab and Vedotin Brentuximab is a monoclonal antibody that carries...
Sparsentan is a newly approved drug by the FDA for the treatment of high-risk patients with IgA Nephropathy. It has a unique mechanism of action as it blocks two receptors simultaneously: Endoth...
How can we diagnose MAC infection?
Factor Xa inhibitors (Rivaroxaban and Apixaban) use has been linked with lung fibrosis. This has been described as "association " rather than "causality". Patients already on...
What is the most likely diagnosis if a young person has: 1. Spastic paraparesis ( hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and weakness), 2. impaired sensations with a sensory level of T2, 3. RAPD (relevan...
Efgartigimod Alfa is a monoclonal antibody that is used in the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis. It binds to the Fc receptors of human IgG-1 in patients who are Ach-R (acetylcholine receptor...
Olpasiran is a drug that is a "small interfering RNA". It inhibits lipoprotein synthase resulting in LDL-c lowering effect.
The treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML): 1. Anthracycline (Daunorubicin or Idarubicin) + 2. Cytarabine +/ - Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Patients with secondary AML should recieve a liposomal...
How often do you give corticosteroids in patients with dengue fever?
Hand-Schüller-Christian disease is a triad of: Diabetes Insipidus, Exophthalmos, and Lytic bone lesions It is one of the spectra of diseases called Langerhans Granulomatosis or Eo...
How can we differentiate between primary and secondary polycythemia?
Hypogonadism is the combined deficiency of: 1. Gonadal androgens like testosterone, and 2. Deficient production of sperms and ova
How do you differentiate between the different types of RTA (Renal Tubular Disorders)?
What are the clinical signs of Aortic Regurgitation? Apex beat: Heart sounds: Murmur: Other features:
What are the clinical signs of Aortic Stenosis? Apex beat: Heart sounds: Murmur: Other features:
What are the differences between Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome?